FAQ for Film Students

Is there a future for me in filmmaking?

Should I go to film school?

Where are the film schools?

How do I start after I get out of school?

What does a Director of Photography do?

What kind of light meter should I buy and where do I buy it?

How do I use the Zone system?

Resources

Guerrilla Video Shooting (link - not my work)

revised: 07/08/2007


Is there a future for me in filmmaking?Of course.  Provided you are consumed by a dream.  Talent helps a lot.  Alone it does almost nothing for you.  There are so many obstacles to your ever making films in any capacity that you must have a hide tough to rejection.  Whatever category (ies) of filmmaking draw you,  you will run into endless "No's".  To get anywhere takes enormous guts and perseverance.  A hint:  your cheerful willingness to do any job no matter how menial takes you a long way.  Who needs a grouch?

The state of filmmaking has changed radically for the better in the last few years, thanks to mini-DV. For a relatively small amount of money, you can shoot and edit compelling films. The big expense comes when you want to up your edited mini-DV film to a 35mm print for theatrical distribution. If your film is so good that it merits being released in theaters, there's a good chance you can get investors or distributors to pay the cost of that bump.

At present there is still need for cinematographers to make strong images, because the more beautiful the image is that you have created, the more beautifully you can maneuver it afterwards.  I would strongly recommend any aspiring DP and director to learn as much as possible about digital manipulations.  The technologies to do so will evolve at light-speed even as you continue your college/post-college education, but at least you will have some working knowledge about what is out there.   That knowledge, like all other, will tell you what we now know we can do.  It will never tell you what can be done.  What can be done keeps changing -- you will change it. 

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Should I go to film school?  Two schools of thought: Yes and no. Leading the no's is Roberto Rodriguez, Director/DP/Production Designer/Editor/Musician (Sin City is his latest) who has written a wonderfully breezy "10 Minute Film School." When you've finished Rodriguez's piece, go to a reply by another beginning filmmaker, "The Truth About Robert Rodriguez." Among his many good observations is that Rodriguez had shot 200 videos, beginning from the time he was 9 years old, before he made his "first" film, Mariachi. He already knew a great deal about what he was doing when he "began."

Film school is almost always expensive. If you pick carefully, you can learn a great deal. Then you can start.

For more comments, try a Google search for: is film school right for me -- don't use quotes so you get a broader selection of hits.

Disclaimer: I have taught part-time graduate Lighting and graduate Cine 1 at the Academy of Art University in San Francisco. It's my belief that my students got good experience and information though you'd have to check with them to be sure. Sorry, that's hard for you to do.

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Where are the film schools?:   Let your web-fingers do the walking.  Try: 

Film School Directory:  http://www.reelmind.com/pages/schools/default.php?ck=15909

Also try a Google search for: film school directory -- don't use quotes to get the most hits.

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How do I start after I get out of school?: (Or even before you get out of school:)    There seem to be two very different routes:  either become an apprentice  or an "auteur".  Both routes can lead to fulfillment, both can lead to utter misery.

The apprentice:  You take any job you can get, be it floor-sweeper, janitor, production assistant, whatever.  So much depends on where in the film art/business you want to go, and maybe right now you don't even know where that is.  If your desire directs you to cinematography (my own turf) try to find first or second assistant camerapersons who want a smart beginner to do their grunt work.  Future producers should look for PA (production assistant) work.  Offer your services free for the first few times. 

No matter what you've been taught in school, when it comes to actually doing it on the set, you know next to nothing.  But after a while, what you learned will start to make sense.  The pieces of the puzzle will start to click in place.  In time you can start to ask for money for your services, because now you will be really earning your way.  One of the delights of our sector is we get paid to learn. 

Other routes:  Apprentice to an editor. Be a mail clerk in a large production studio. Work for a talent agency.    

The auteur:  Write, write, write. Start shooting documentaries and/or films on your Hi-8 or DV cam.  Get your rich uncle or local Elks Club to finance your first short/feature/TV film. Always surround yourself with the best talent in the other crafts you can.  No matter how brilliant you are, you are not so brilliant that others won't make you even more so.  Casting is essential for on-camera talent, and for those behind the camera too.  You can never do it alone as well as you can do it with the help of wonderful colleagues. Collaborate.

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What does a Director of Photography do?  The DP's job varies enormously depending on the director she/he is working for at the moment.  At heart, you craft the moving image to tell a story.  Beyond that, everything is up for grabs.  Our notions of story telling have evolved considerably since I started, and of course continue to evolve with every year. 

camera:  you set (or maybe the director sets) where the camera is for the next shot, and how it moves, where it moves, how fast, slow etc.  You frame the images, define what is seen and what is not seen.

shadow, light, color:  These are the other main elements you will try to manipulate.  Unless the budget makes you do it all yourself, several people can help you here: the gaffer, who sets the lights where you tell him to (or where she/he thinks the light should go depending on how you work with him/her); the key grip who with her/his crew sets flags and scrims and silks to modify the light(s); the set designer and prop-person who can produce spaces and objects that photograph well -- or not so well.

lights  you decide  where the "key" (main light source) is, what you want to put in shadow, how much "fill" light you want, what elements you want to illuminate, and how much.  Your tools are:  your eye, your spot meter, and your incident meter.  When you start out, even though you are his/her "boss," it is likely your gaffer will know much more than you do.  Learn from her/him. 

The more you shoot, the more your own eye will begin to tell you what you need to know.  The only ways I know to learn are:   shoot, shoot, shoot.  Look at what comes out on the screen or TV. Also, go look at paintings.  Go look at other films.  Go look at photographs.  Keep your eye open for the ways sunlight or street light or interior lamps fall on faces and objects and vistas.  Look at how the light bounces off some objects and splashes on the dark wall.  At first you won't know what you are looking for or at.  Keep at it.  It's all a giant puzzle, and you are to become the puzzlemaster.

crew:  The DP is titular head of the camera, the grip and the electric crews.  That means you are their boss, and also their protector.  

relations with the director:  Every director will come with a very different set of knowledge and expectations about him/herself and about you.  Some have no knowledge about image and want you to really set the style.   Some have strong ideas about the image and also want to collaborate.  Some (and these are just no fun to work with but still you will learn from every one of them) order you down to the last detail whether or not they know anything.  Over time you will discover your own way to deal with each of these people.  It is part of the job.  One of the toughest parts for you will be to keep your own eye active even when people and circumstances around you distract or wear you down. 

finally:  Tell the people who work for you as well as the people for whom you work how much you appreciate them and their ideas and their hard work.   One of the great joys of our work is collaborating with colleagues.  Share it.    And, oh yes, you will never stop learning.  

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What kind of light meter should I buy and where do I buy it?

I use both a Spectra incident meter (digital, model P-2000, also called "Professional lV") and a Pentax spotmeter (digital).  For a discussion on how and why, you might read my articles, Light Meters, Previsualizing:
Dialogues with Light Meters/ and the Zone System 
.  
Also,  How do I use the Zone System?

To buy meters, try ebay where you can find good bargains some of the time -- be patient.  Or contact:  Quality Light Metric in Los Angeles at 323-467-2265.  They have excellent prices on new meters and sometimes sell used ones as well, again at very reasonable prices. Quality Light Metric is also THE place to repair light meters.  

For Zone-system Zone Dials, contact www.calumetphoto.com, and in the "keywords" enter "zone meter", then click on either "zone dial for Pentax V Spot Meter" or "zone dial for Pentax Digital Spot Meter" depending on which one you own.  Calumet, which seems to have bought out Zone Vl in Vermont, still sells Zone Vl products for the same good prices, but does charge a fairly hefty amount for "shipping and handling."

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Resources

An excellent list of resources (from Reelmind.com)

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(Last updated:  07/08/07)